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10 types of Bar Glasswares-Must-have glassware in bar To choose glasses for the Bar Tips for Buying GlasswareWhen shopping for glasses, you will find a variety of designs within each style and this is half of the fun.Look for interesting features that match your bar's style.Don't be afraid to shop second-hand sources. You will find some of the best designs in vintage glassware.Stay away from the very thin glass. They will break easily and this applies to the stems as well. I have had the stem of a cheaply made margarita glass literally twist off while washing it. 1.The Cocktail (or Martini) Glass A Must-have GlassThe familiar conical shape of the cocktail glass makes most of us think of a Martini, and so it should. It is the most popular drink that is served in this style of glass and because of that, many people will call this a 'martini' glass.Use the Cocktail Glass ForCocktails between 3 and 6 ounces.Most often served 'up' without ice.The variety of martinis, many classic cocktails and almost any short drink.Cocktail Glass StyleCocktail glasses come in many different styles, including frosted, painted, and fun stem shapes. If I were a glass designer, this would be my favorite style to play with!Though it is now common to have stemless cocktail glasses (pictured on the right), the stem serves a purpose: it allows the drinker to hold the glass without warming the drink via body heat. This is essential to keeping these non-iced drinks colder for a longer period. 2.The highball and collins glasses  Distinguishing Highball and Collins GlassesThese two glasses hold around the same volume, between 8 and 16 ounces.The collins (left) tends to be taller and more narrow, more of a chimney shape.The highball (right) tends to be stouter and usually tops off at 10 ounces.The glass in the middle is an example of a hybrid of these two glasses: the same volume with a little detail in the style.A Must-have Glass.The highball (or hi-ball) glass is a style that every bar should have. The collins glass is not necessary, though convenient. The two can be used interchangeably.Use Highball and Collins Glasses ForThese tall glasses are typically used for 'tall' mixed drinks (or 'highballs') and filled with an abundance of ice.Quite often, the drinks are built directly in the glass by pouring the ingredients over top of the ice and stirring.The simplest of these drinks include a shot of liquor topped with fruit juices and/or sodas to fill the glass.Drinks That Use a Highball Glass,Popular Highballs,Bloody MaryZombie,Other tall drinks 3.The Old-Fashioned (or Rocks) Glass A Must-have GlassThe old-fashioned glass is a short tumbler that is also often called a "lowball" or a "rocks glass".Use an Old-Fashioned Glass ForThese glasses are typically used for short mixed drinks that are served with ice (aka 'on the rocks') though not always.Popular lowballs like the White Russian, Rusty Nail and, of course, the Old-Fashioned.Old-Fashioned Glass SizesOld-fashioned glasses hold between 6 and 8 ounces. They are also available as a double old-fashioned (left of the photo), holding up to 10 or 12 ounces.The smaller old-fashioned glasses can be used for serving a straight or neat pour of liquor, typically a dark spirit like whiskey.The doubled old-fashioned glass is ideal for serving either a mixed drink or straight pour of liquor with a single large ice cube or ice ball. 4.The Shot Glass The shot glass is a very recognizable glass in the bar. They can come in many styles, shapes and sizes and are fun to collect. Any shot glass can be used to hold straight shots and mixed shooters and it is always good to have quite a few around just in case some break.The average shot is 1 1/2 ounces while a 'short shot' or 'pony shot' is just 1 ounce.The Design of a Shot GlassThe typical shot glass is made of thicker glass, particularly on the base. This reinforcement is designed to prevent it from shattering when the drinker slams the glass onto the bar after downing the drink.Short Shot GlassesThe two glasses on the right are the typical style of shot glass. They are good for straight shots of liquor or shooters that are shaken and strained. Despite the size difference, these two glasses hold the same amount of liquor (I measured them). Glass design can be deceiving and this is something to be aware of in both shot glasses and beer mugs, particularly at the bar.Tall Shot GlassesThe taller, thinner shot glasses on the left are more of a specialty. Use these to show off those perfectly layered shots with well-defined colors.The tallest on the far left is called a caballito and is designed specifically for tequila. I enjoy using a flight (or line-up) of these for comparing tequilas. 5.The Margarita Glass The margarita glass is used primarily for serving margaritas, though those cocktails can also be served in a cocktail glass.Margarita Glass DesignThe double-bowl shape of the margarita glass is a fun and distinctive shape that works particularly well for frozen margaritas. The wide rim makes it easy to add a salt or sugar rim.Margarita Glass SizesMargarita glasses can come in a variety of sizes and can range anywhere from 6 to 20 ounces.The smaller glasses are nice for drinks with no ice.The medium glasses are good for frozen drinks.The large bowls are good for large frozen drinks served or those with a lot of ice.Some margarita bowls can get to ridiculous sizes, topping off at 60 ounces. These would only be good as a novelty to share with a table-full of friends (each with your own straw, of course). 6.The Champagne Glass If you enjoy a Champagne cocktail every once in a while, then a set of Champagne glasses would be a nice investment.They come in a variety of shapes. It is often best to purchase a set of 4 or 8 glasses, depending on the size of your average Champagne-worthy celebrations.Champagne Flute (left)This tall, thin glass has a tapered rim that is designed to keep the Champagne's bubbles in the glass longer.Flutes typically hold between 7 and 11 ounces.Flutes are perfect for the simple addition of a single berry garnish.The fizz fountain of the traditional Champagne Cocktail is spectacular in a flute.Champagne Tulip (middle) This elegantly styled glass has the longer stem and bowl of the flute, the difference is that the rim flares out instead of in. This design will not trap bubbles, but it is a nice option for mixing Champagne and other sparkling wines.Champagne Saucer (right)This is a more traditional glass design used to serve sparkling wines. It is a flatter, rounder bowl and holds just around 6-8 ounces.Saucers are nice for serving straight Champagne to many guests (filling well below the rim to avoid spills) because they will drink it rather quick.Use it to add an elegant twist to drinks that you would serve in a cocktail glass.Use it for a roaring '20's themed party.A perfect choice when you want to float a larger slice of fruit on top of the drink. 7.The Two Basic Wine Glasses Wine glasses could be the topic of a separate article. There are so many shapes available and many styles have been developed to showcase a particular style of wine.Two Basic Wine GlassesMost bartenders need to be concerned with:White Wine Glass: the taller, more open glasses (on the left).Red Wine Glass: the rounder, smaller bowl (on the right).A wine glass of any style is perfect for serving wine cocktails. Those with ice are often best in a white wine glass. 8.Beer Glasses, Mugs and Pints Just like wine, beer has its own list of glassware that can be used, these are just three examples. They can be used interchangeably and are good for mixing beer drinks.Pint Glass (left)Pints typically hold 16 ounces.Best when pulled straight from the freezer.This is also a mixing glass and can be used as a piece in a Boston shaker set.Buy Pint Glasses at AmazonPilsner Glass (middle)Pilsners typically hold between 10 and 14 ounces.Tthe unique fluted shape  (which can be more or less exaggerated) is used most often for light beers and the wider rim still allows for a good head.Beer Mug (right) Mugs are nice because you can hold your beer without warming it with your hands and they are also best when frosted.The volume of a beer mug will vary greatly. Many will hold between 10 and 14 ounces. A thicker base (such as the one in the photo) barely holding 10 ounces.You may see these deceptively smaller ones at bars because they allow for a shorter pour. If you don't care about draught beer, you will get more beer by going with a bottle. 9.Tall Specialty Cocktail Glasses Here we have a few tall specialty glasses that you will run into in cocktail recipes. Each has a specific style of drink which they are used for.While they are not called for as often as the previous glasses, they are useful to have around, particularly if you are fond of any of these cocktails.Irish Coffee Glass (left)This footed glass is used for hot drinks and, traditionally, for an Irish Coffee.It is a nicer way to present warm drinks than the average mug.Are made with heat-resistant glass.Typically hold between 8 and 10 ounces.Buy Irish Coffee Glasses at Amazon Hurricane Glass (middle)The distinct pear-shaped curve of this glass is reminiscent of vintage hurricane lamps, which gave it its name.It is used for the aptly named Hurricane Cocktail and often for Pina Coladas and other frozen drinks.Typically hold between 10 and 12 ounces.Buy Hurricane Glasses from AmazonBrandy Snifter (right)As the name implies, this glass is used for brandy, particularly sipping it straight. Though it is a very large glass, only a standard pour of around 2 ounces goes inside.The idea behind the snifter is to allow the drinker to enjoy all of the aspects of brandy: watch it swirl inside, notice its legs and color, take in the aromas trapped in the bowl and slowly take a sip.It is also used for a few simple brandy drinks, most notably the aromatic B&B.If you enjoy fine brandy, or any dark spirit for that matter, this will be an essential glass for you. 10.Short Specialty Cocktail Glasses You will probably not use these glasses often, but it is good to be aware of these three short specialty glasses.Sour Glass (left)Used for Whiskey Sours and other simple sour drinks, this little glass is made to enjoy small drinks as it holds just between 3 and 6 ounces.Cordial Glass (middle)These tiny glasses are a traditional way to sip cordials (or liqueurs) straight and are not very common today. They are dainty, holding just 2-3 ounces.These are particularly fun to collect on the vintage market because the styles varied greatly. I even have a miniature cocktail glass that is so very cute!Genever Tulip Glass (right)This glass is also used to sip cordials, but more specifically used to drink genever in true Dutch fashion. The custom goes: place the glass on the bar and fill all the way to the rim with ice-cold genever, then lean over and (without hands) take a long (often loud) sip off the top. It's quite fun!Note: Most tulips are clear glass as well; mine in the photo just happens to be black.

The History of Glass From our earliest origins, man has been making use of glass. Historians have discovered that a form of natural glass - obsidian - formed for instance, within the mouth of a volcano as a result of the intense heat of an eruption melting sand - was first used by man as tips for spears. Archaeologists have found evidence of man-made glass which dates back to 4000 BC; this took the form of glazes used for coating stone beads. It was not until 1500 BC that the first hollow glass container was made by covering a sand core with a layer of molten glass. Glass blowing became the most common way to make glass containers from the First Century BC. However, the glass made during this time was highly coloured due to the impurities of the raw material. It was not until the First Century AD when colourless glass was produced and then coloured by the addition of colouring materials. The secret of glass making came to Britain with the Romans. However, the skills and technology required to make glass were closely guarded by the Romans and it was not until the Roman Empire disintegrated that skills for glass making spread throughout Europe and the Middle East. The Venetians, in particular, gained a reputation for technical skill and artistic ability in the making of glass bottles and a fair number of the city's craftsmen left Italy to set up glassworks throughout Europe. In Britain, there is evidence of a glass industry around Jarrow and Wearmouth dating back to 680 AD, while from the 13th Century, there is evidence of there having been a glass industry in the Weald and the afforested area of Surrey and Sussex around Chiddingford. A major milestone in the history of glass occurred with the invention of lead crystal glass by George Ravenscroft. He attempted to counter the effect of clouding that sometimes occurred in blown glass by introducing lead to the raw materials used in the process. The new glass he created was softer and easier to decorate and had a higher refractive index, adding to its brilliance and beauty, and it proved invaluable to the optical industry. It's thanks to Ravenscrofts invention that optical lenses, astronomical telescopes, microscopes and the like became possible. The modern glass industry only really started to develop in Britain after the repeal of the Excise Act in 1845 relieved the heavy taxation that had been enforced. Before that time, excise duties were placed on the amount of glass melted in a glasshouse and levied continuously from 1745 to 1845. Joseph Paxtons Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of 1851 marked the beginning of the discovery of glass as a building material. The revolutionary new building encouraged the use of glass in public, domestic and horticultural architecture. Glass manufacturing techniques also improved with the advancement of science and better technology. By 1887 glass making developed from traditional mouth blowing to a semi-automatic process when Ashley introduced a machine capable of producing 200 bottles per hour in Castleford, Yorkshire - more than three times quicker than the previous production methods. Twenty years later, in 1907, the first fully automated machine was developed in America by Michael Owens from major glass manufacturers Owens of Illinois, and used at its factory in Manchester, Illinois making 2,500 bottles per hour. Other developments followed rapidly, but it was not until the First World War, when Britain became cut off from essential glass suppliers that glass became part of the scientific sector. Up until then glass was seen as a craft rather than a precise science. Today, glass making is a modern, hi-tech industry operating in a fiercely competitive global market where quality, design and service levels are critical to maintaining market share. Modern glass plants are capable of making millions of glass containers a day in many different colours, but green, brown and clear remain the most popular. Few of us can imagine modern life without glass. It features in almost every aspect of our lives - in our homes, our cars and whenever we sit down to eat or drink. Glass packaging is used for many products, wines, spirits and beers all come in glass as do medicines and cosmetics not to mention numerous foodstuffs. With increasing consumer concern for the environment, glass has again come into its own proving to be an ideal material for recycling. Glass recycling is good news for the environment. It saves used glass containers being sent to landfill and less energy is needed to melt recycled glass than to melt down raw materials, thus saving energy. Recycling also reduces the need for raw materials to be quarried thus saving precious resources.

  How to blow glass? Glassblowing is the art of creating glass sculptures by manipulating molten glass in a very hot furnace. It is a fun way to express your creativity and try working with a new material. The most common and accessible type of glassblowing is called offhand, where you heat and shape the glass on the end of a hollow pipe. Blowing glass requires working closely with heat and glass, so make sure you take all the necessary precautions before you roll, blow, and shape the glass. 1.Gathering the Glass on the Pipe Step1 Place the molten glass in the furnace. Use heat resistant gloves to place the molten glass in the furnace. The furnace should be heated to 2,000 °F (1,090 °C) to melt the glass.Heating and melting the glass will make it more malleable and easier to gather on the blowpipe. Step2 Put the pipe in furnace and gather the glass. Put one end of the pipe in the furnace, holding the pipe straight. You may need an assistant to open the door of the furnace for you so you can put in the pipe. Then, roll the pipe around in the furnace to gather the glass. You want to get as much of the glass on the pipe as you can so you have a lot to work with.You can try to open the furnace door yourself if you do not have someone to assist you, but it may be tricky to do if you are beginner glassblower. Step3 Roll the glass on the marver to form a cylinder shape. Carry the glass on the pipe to the marver. Roll it on the marver in a continuous, round motion. The marver will help to distribute the heat on the glass evenly and allow you to shape the glass into a cylinder that is symmetrical. Step4 Put the glass in the crucible, or glory hole, and turn it several times. Roll the glass in the heat of the glory hole so it stays hot. This will ensure it does not become too hard or tough for blowing. Step5 Dip the glass into crushed colored glass to add color. If you want your blown glass piece to have flecks of color in it, carefully dip it in a steel bowl of crushed glass. Add one layer of crushed glass to each side of the rounded glass by dipping it once in each color.Once you’ve dipped the glass, put it back in the crucible and turn it several times so the crushed glass melts. Step6 Roll it on the marver again. Try to get it to form the shape of a bullet. Keep the sides even and rounded so the glass is easier to blow. 2.Blowing the Glass Step1 Place the pipe on a stand. Use a steel stand that can hold the pipe securely. This will make blowing into the pipe easier.If you do not have access to a stand, you can blow the pipe by holding it just above the marver. However, it may be tricky for you to hold the pipe and blow into it at the same time, especially if you are a beginner. Step2 Blow into the the pipe and roll it at the same time. Let out deep breaths into the pipe to blow air into the glass. Turn the pipe as you blow into it so the air is evenly dispersed. Blow into the glass continuously with even breathes for 10-15 seconds.Do not blow into the glass for too long, as you do not want it to become too cool or lose too much heat. Blow into it for 10-15 second intervals so it stays hot. Step3 Return the glass back to the crucible to keep it hot. Turn pipe several times as the glass heats up in the crucible. Step4 Repeat the process until the glass is the size you want. Continue blowing into the end of the pipe to expand the glass. Always turn it as you blow. Then, return it to the crucible and turn it several times. Blow and heat the glass until you have blown the glass to the size and shape you want. 3.Cooling the Glass Step1 Have an assistant cut the bottom of the blown glass with steel tweezers. The assistant will run the tweezers, called jacks, around the bottom of the blown glass as you turn the pipe. This will help to cut the bottom and loosen the glass so it can come off. Step2 Tap the pipe to remove the blown glass. Use a wooden block to hit the pipe once so the blown glass comes off the pipe where the glass has been cut. Make sure your assistant is ready, wearing heat resistant gloves, to catch the blown glass when it comes off the pipe.Try to hit the pipe only once with a hard and firm whack. Doing it more than once can cause the blown glass to crack or break. Step3 Transfer the blown glass to an annealing oven. The annealing oven should be kept at 960 °F (516 °C). Wearing heat resistant gloves, put the blown glass in the oven. The oven should then be cooled down over 14 hours to room temperature. The slow cool down period will prevent the blown glass from cracking or breaking. Step4 Remove any sharp edges on the finished piece. Take the blown glass out of the annealing oven after 14 hours. Inspect it for any sharp edges, especially on the bottom. Use a grinding block to carefully smooth them out.

What are the diferences between borosilicate and pyrex glass? Pyrex is a trademark for the particular glassware items made using borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass Is composed of at least 5% oxide of boron and other things including silica. Labware benefited from this heat resistant property (1933) and Pyrex expanded the use of borosilicate glass to cookware.I’m not sure of the composition of other glass ovenware such as Corning and Anchor Hocking, but I would venture a guess that they were also manufactured with borosilicate glass as an ingredient. The use of borosilicate glass in cookware does not mean you can put it directly on a heat source, but a room temperature Pyrex dish can handle any oven duties you ask of it. When I have time I’ll write down my “Ode to Pyrex” but I’m ignoring the kitchen cleanup just to finish my own meal.

Why We Love Borosilicate Glass？ Borosilicate glass has been a preferred material of construction for virtually all modern laboratory glassware and glass process equipment for decades, with wide usage throughout the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.  Its special properties of chemical and thermal resistances make it truly an exceptional glass with unique characteristics that distinguish it from other materials of construction.  But how is it possible to feel warm and fuzzy about glass?  Okay, maybe “love” is a bit too strong of a term to use, but we really, really like it and think you’ll find it pretty useful too. But before we get ahead of ourselves let’s take a step back for a moment and enroll in a speed course about Borosilicate Glass 101 (or technical speaking Borosilicate Glass 3.3).  What is borosilicate glass and what makes it different from other types of glass?  Common glass, such as window panes and every day kitchen drinking glasses, is typically a silicate glass that consists of sand, sodium-carbonate and limestone.  The addition of boric oxide with silica is what differentiates borosilicate glass.  The following chart details the chemical composition of QVF borosilicate glass 3.3: The purpose of adding boric oxide is to create a less dense product with a higher melting point.  The high temperature allowance and superior durability makes borosilicate glass useful for a variety of applications beyond process plants and pipeline including cookware, microscope and telescope lenses, stage lights, guitar slides, and art construction.When it comes to chemical laboratory equipment and process plant components, the 8 major benefits that will have you loving borosilicate glass are: 1. Optical ClarityIt’s clear to see why glass is a good solution when it comes to visibility (how could I resist this pun).  Compared to the array of plastics, metals and other materials of construction, glass provides a smooth surface that offers an unobstructed view of what is going on inside the equipment, enhancing the level of observation in any process.  There is a slight decrease in transparency with the addition of Sectrans coating, an optional covering to the glass surface added for its protective properties against scratches, blows and splintering.   2. CleanabilitySome materials of construction can pose housekeeping issues when it comes to ease of cleaning.  Not glass!  The anti-stick, nonporous surface makes borosilicate glass a popular choice for GMP compliant applications.  And its transparency allows you to see when equipment needs to be cleaned without the need for interrupting the process and performing an internal inspection. 3. Compact DesignCompared to systems built using alternative materials of construction, glass components are much more compact making a glass system significantly smaller.  This is especially beneficial in facilities that are facing space constraints as well as work areas where headroom can become an issue.  The compact arrangement can also make shipping, delivery, and installat 4. Corrosion ResistanceSimilar to the properties of glass-lined steel, glass equipment provides unsurpassed corrosion resistance  to water, neutral and acidic solutions, concentrated acids and acid mixtures, and to chlorine, bromine, iodine and organic substances. Its resistance to chemical attack is superior to that of most metals and other materials, even during prolonged periods of exposure and at temperatures above 100 °C.  There are only a few chemicals which can cause noticeable corrosion of the glass surface - hydrofluoric acid, concentrated phosphoric acid and strong caustic solutions at elevated temperatures. However, at ambient temperatures caustic solutions up to 30% concentration can be handled by borosilicate glass without difficulty. 5. Temperature RangeBorosilicate glass’ strong resistance to temperature makes it desirable in chemical and pharmaceutical processes.  The maximum permissible operating temperature for QVF borosilicate glass is 200°C (due to limiting factors such as PTFE gaskets). Above a temperature of 525°C the glass begins to soften and above a temperature of 860°C it changes to the liquid state.  Conversely, it can be cooled down to the maximum possible negative temperature, but is generally recommended for use down to – 80°C.  An additional benefit within temperature allowance is the ability for borosilicate glass to be exposed to two different temperatures at the same time (though for safety reasons it is recommended that temperature difference does not exceed 100 K). 6. Structural Integrity due to Low Thermal ExpansionDirectly related to the large temperature differential comes the benefit of low thermal expansion.  Because borosilicate glass doesn’t expand like ordinary glass, there is a smoother transition between temperatures as well as the ability to withstand different temperatures at the same time.  Borosilicate glass has an extremely low coefficient of linear expansion (3.3 x 10–6 K–1) as a result of its low thermal expansion.   Additionally, the low thermal expansion coefficient eliminates the need for expensive measures to compensate for thermal expansion resulting from changes in temperature. This becomes especially significant in the layout of long runs of glass pipeline, ensuring a high level of structural integrity.  For this reason, borosilicate glass is an approved and proven material in the construction of pressure equipment. 7.  AffordabilityCompared to other materials of construction that offer similar properties such as corrosion resistance, glass is relatively economical to produce.  When compared to the other options such as quartz, glass is an extremely affordable solution.  Its sustainability is an additional factor that adds to its affordability; with proper maintenance and care, your glass equipment can have a long life. 8. Inert BehaviorBecause there is no interaction or ion exchange between the process media and glass, there is no catalytic effect.  The inertness of borosilicate glass also means it is nonflammable and poses no environmental risk.  Due to the inert behavior of QVF glass there is no smell or taste alterations and can therefore be used in an almost unrestricted way in pharmaceutical applications and in the food and beverage industry.  Just because glass can break when dropped or mishandled does not mean it is a weaker material of construction.  Glass components have proven to be durable and reliable over many years of operation when installed and handled correctly.  Here’s what we love about borosilicate glass - it’s clear, easy to clean, inert, economical, chemical and corrosion resistant and is a thermal champion.  From laboratory/research and development up to full production, glass components and systems are available in a wide range of sizes and designs to build a custom solution based on the volume of your operation.  These systems include (but are not limited to) reaction, distillation, extraction, evaporation, cryogenic and absorption systems.  

How to host a wine tasting party? One very wise man (William Shakespeare) once wrote: “...good wine, good company, good welcome, can make good people.” Enjoying wine with friends is one of our favorite things to do. But rather than to go a fancy restaurant to sip and sample, we prefer tastings in the comfort of our own home, where refills and snacks are within arm’s reach. And as these wine tasting party ideas prove, you don’t have to be a sommelier to pull it off. 1.Plan a tasting menu with a theme The world of wine is so vast that narrowing down your search makes the selection process less daunting. Start with your current season in mind (lighter wines are better for summer, heavier varieties in winter), then consider buying five or six varieties based on their country or region of origin. Just be sure to stock up on at two of each selection—one for tasting, one for drinking later. Other menu ideas: Ask guests to bring a bottle of their all-time favorite or do a blind tasting (hide different-priced bottles in brown paper bags to guess prices and varieties). Just aim for wines with a mix of flavors and vintages so that there’s something for everyone, and serve them from lightest to darkest. 2.Stock up on glasses and bar accessories There’s a reason that both white and red wine glasses exist. Big, bold reds need larger glasses so that their aromas and flavors have room to emerge. Shop for stemware you don’t already have, as well as accessories to help you serve. You’ll want a reliable opener, stoppers to save what you don’t drink, and a bucket for dumping. Use a set of wine glass writers or charms to help guests keep track of their glass, and consider picking up an aerator if you’re serving red wine. 3.Make a playlist to set the mood Your wine tasting party vibe will offer a starting point. For instance, a white/rosé summer soiree calls for upbeat jams, while brisk fall days feel better matched with Pinot Noir and more soulful tunes. And if you’ve selected varieties from a certain area like Spain, add Spanish songs to the mix. 4.Serve tasty snacks that are easy to eat With your wine menu in mind, shop for small bites that guests can graze on all night. If you feel up to the task, research wine and cheese pairings and plan a menu around that. White wines with acidity go well with seafood and sweets, while big, bold reds pair well with savory food. Or there’s always the no-fail option: a serving platter filled with cured meats, olives and cheese, plus simple crackers or bread to cleanse the palette. Don’t forget a pitcher of water and separate water glasses. Give people a way to write down their favorites When a wine has notes of cinnamon and leather and nice “legs,” some guests may want to remember it for later. Pick up tasting notepads at a gift shop or just set out a pens and paper so they can scribble while they sip.

How to make glass?9 steps to make glass by charcoal barbecue Step1 Prepare a makeshift furnace from a charcoal barbecue grill. This method uses the heat generated by a large charcoal fire to melt silica sand into glass. The materials used are relatively cheap and common - theoretically, all you'll need is a short trip to the hardware store to be ready to make your own glass. Use a large charcoal barbecue grill - standard-size "dome" models work well. Use the thickest, sturdiest grill available. Most charcoal grills will have a vent on the bottom - open this vent.Even at the extremely hot temperatures reached in this method, it can be difficult to melt silica sand in a grill. Add a small quantity (about 1/3 to 1/4 of your sand's volume) of laundry soda, lime, and/or borax to your sand before you begin. These additives lower the sand's melting temperature.If you're going to blow your glass, have a long, hollow, metal tube handy. If you're going to pour it into a mold, prepare your mold beforehand. You want a mold that won't burn or melt from the heat of molten glass - graphite works well. Step2 Know the dangers of this method. This method will push a conventional barbecue past its normal temperature limits - so hot that it's even possible to melt the grill itself. This method can cause severe injury or death if it's attempted recklessly. Proceed with caution. Have a large quantity of dirt or sand or a fire extinguisher rated for high temperatures on hand to smother the fire if needed. Step3 Take every possible precaution to protect yourself and your property from the high heat. Attempt this method on a concrete surface outdoors with plenty of space. Don't use any irreplaceable equipment. Stand clear of the grill while you're heating the glass. You should also wear as much of protective clothing as possible, including:Heavy duty oven gloves or mittsA welder's maskA heavy duty apronHeat-resistant clothing Step4 Get a shop vacuum with a long hose attachment. Using duct tape or another method, angle its hose so that it is blowing directly into the bottom vent without touching the grill's main body. You may want to fasten the hose to one of the grill's legs or wheels. Keep the main vacuum unit as far away from the grill as possible.Make sure the hose is secure and will not move - if it comes loose while you're making your glass, you should not approach the grill if it's extremely hot.Turn the vacuum on to test your hose positioning. An accurate hose will blow directly into the vent. Step5 Line the inside of your grill with charcoal. Use more charcoal than you would for grilling meat. Successful results have been achieved by filling the grill nearly to the brim.[3] Place a cast-iron pot or crucible containing your sand in the center of the grill, surrounded by charcoal.Hardwood (or "lump") charcoal burns hotter and quicker than briquette charcoal, making it a better choice if it's available. Step6 Light the charcoal. Consult the charcoal's packaging to know whether your charcoal can be lit directly or whether it requires lighter fluid. Allow the flames to spread evenly. Step7 Wait for the charcoal to get hot. When the charcoals are grayish and emanating an orange glow, they're ready. You should be able to feel the heat from simply standing near the grill. Step8 Turn the shop vac on to introduce air to the charcoal. Charcoal fed with air from the bottom can burn extremely hot (up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Beware - large flame-ups may occur.If you're still not able to reach high enough temperatures, experiment with replacing the lid while introducing air through the vent. Step9 When your glass is molten, very carefully use metal implements to remove and shape it. Because of the low temperature of the grill method, the molten glass may be stiffer and harder to work than glass from a kiln. Shape it with a tube, mold, or other tools as you normally would.

9 steps to make glass Step1 Obtain silica sand. Also called quartz sand, silica sand is the primary ingredient in making glass. Glass without iron impurities is sought for clear glass pieces, as the iron will cause the glass to appear greenish when present.Wear a face mask if handling extremely fine-grain silica sand. If inhaled, it can irritate the throat and lungs.Silica sand is available from online retailers. It is fairly cheap - small quantities shouldn't cost more than 20 dollars. If you want to operate on an industrial scale, specialty retailers can offer competitive rates on large orders - sometimes lower than $100 per ton.If it is not possible to find sand sufficiently free of iron impurities, their tinting effect can be countered by adding small amounts of manganese dioxide. Or, if you want greenish glass, leave the iron in! Step2 Add sodium carbonate and calcium oxide to the sand. Sodium carbonate (commonly called washing soda) lowers the temperature necessary to make glass commercially. However, it permits water to pass through the glass, so calcium oxide, or lime, is added to negate this property. Oxides of magnesium and/or aluminum may also be added to make the glass more durable. Generally, these additives take up no more than 26 to 30 percent of the glass mixture. Step3 Add other chemicals, depending on the glass's intended purpose. The most common addition for decorative glass is lead oxide, which provides the sparkle in crystal glassware, as well as the softness to make it easier to cut and also lowers the melting point. Eyeglass lenses may contain lanthanum oxide because of its refractive properties, while iron helps glass absorb heat.Lead crystal can contain up to 33 percent lead oxide; however, the more lead oxide, the more skill required to shape the molten glass, so many lead crystal makers opt for less lead content. Step4 Add chemicals to produce a desired color in the glass, if any. As noted above, iron impurities in quartz sand make glass made with it appear greenish, so iron oxide is added to increase the greenish tint, as is copper oxide. Sulfur compounds produce a yellowish, amber, brownish or even blackish tint, depending on how much carbon or iron is also added to the mixture. Step5 Place the mixture in a good heat-resistant crucible or holder. The container should be able to withstand the extremely high temperatures within the kiln - depending on your additives, your glass mixture may melt at a range of temperatures between 1,500 and 2,500 degrees Celsius. Your container should also be easily grasped with metal hooks and poles. Step6 Melt the mixture into a liquid. For commercial silica glass, this is done in a gas-fired furnace, while specialty glasses may be created using an electric melter, pot furnace or kiln.Quartz sand without additives becomes glass at a temperature of 2,300 degrees Celsius (4,172 degrees Fahrenheit). Adding sodium carbonate (soda) reduces the temperature needed to make glass to 1,500 degrees Celsius (2,732 degrees Fahrenheit). Step7 Homogenize and remove bubbles from the molten glass. This means stirring the mixture to a consistent thickness and adding chemicals such as sodium sulfate, sodium chloride or antimony oxide. Step8 Shape the molten glass. Shaping the glass can be done in one of several ways:The molten glass can be poured into a mold and let cool. This method was used by the Egyptians, and it is also how many lenses are created today.A large amount of molten glass can be gathered at the end of a hollow tube, which is then blown into while the tube is turned. The glass is shaped by the air entering the tube, gravity pulling on the molten glass and whatever tools the glassblower uses to work the molten glass.The molten glass can be poured into a bath of molten tin for support and blasted with pressurized nitrogen to shape and polish it. Glass made by this method is called float glass, and it is how glass panes have been made since the 1950s. Step9 Slowly cool the glass in a kiln. This process is called annealing, and it removes any stress points that may have formed in the glass during cooling. Glass that has not been annealed is significantly weaker. Once this process is completed, the glass can then be coated, laminated or otherwise treated to improve its strength and durability.The precise temperature for annealing can vary based on the precise composition of the glass from as low as 750 degrees Fahrenheit to as high as 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. The rate at which the glass must cool may also change - generally, larger pieces of glass must cool more slowly than smaller pieces. Research proper annealing methods before beginning.A related process is tempering, in which shaped and polished glass is placed in an oven heated to at least 600 degrees Celsius (1,112 degrees Fahrenheit) and then quick-cooled ("quenched") with blasts of air at high pressure. Annealed glass breaks into shards at 6,000 pounds per square inch (psi), while tempered glass breaks into small pieces at no less than 10,000 psi and usually at around 24,000 psi.

Arten von Tasse oder Glas 1. Becherglas Britisch ein Plastikbecher mit geraden Seiten zum Trinken 2.chalice eine große Tasse Wein, besonders eine, die während der christlichen Zeremonie der Heiligen Kommunion verwendet wurde 3. Tasse ein kleiner runder Behälter für ein Getränk, normalerweise mit einem Griff 4.flute ein großes schmales Glas, besonders eines zum Trinken von Champagner 5.glas ein kleiner Behälter aus Glas für ein Getränk 6.goblet ein großes Weinglas mit einem hohen Stiel eine Metall- oder Glasschale, die in der Vergangenheit zum Trinken von Wein verwendet wurde 7. Mug eine Tasse mit geraden Seiten und ohne Untertasse, hauptsächlich für Heißgetränke ein großes Glas mit einem Griff, um Bier zu trinken 8.schoner Amerikaner ein großes Glas für Bier Briten ein großes Glas für Sherry (= eine Art starker Wein) 9.snifter amerikanisch ein Glas geformt wie eine Schüssel, die für das Trinken von Brandy verwendet wird 10. Stein eine große Tasse Bier, oft mit Deckel 11.stem der lange dünne Teil eines Weinglases, das die Schüssel mit der Basis verbindet 12. Tankard ein großer Becher aus Metall oder Glas zum Trinken von Bier mit einem Griff und manchmal mit einem Deckel 13.nachmittags eine Tasse Tee trinken 14.Tumbler ein Trinkglas ohne Griff oder Stiel 15. Weinglas ein Glas mit einem dünnen Stiel und einer Basis, die zum Trinken von Wein verwendet wird

Ist Borosilikatglas giftig? Borosilicatglas hat einen Schmelzpunkt von 1648 C, so dass seiner Zusammensetzung bei Erwärmung auf nur 210 C nichts mehr passieren wird. Borosilikatglas ist nicht toxisch, es wird sowohl in Kochgeschirr als auch in Laborglasware stark verwendet. Wenn man es so erhitzt, wie man es beschreibt, entstehen keine schlechten Nebenprodukte. Auf der anderen Seite ist Tabakrauch ziemlich giftig.

Was sind die Eigenschaften von Borosilikatglas? Metrisch UNS Koeffizient der mittleren linearen thermischen 3,3 · 10-6 K-1 3,3 · 10-6 K-1 Erweiterung a gem. nach DIN ISO 7991 (20 ° C; 300 ° C) (68 ° F; 572 ° F) Transformationstemperatur Tg 525 ° C 977 ° F Dichte r bei 25 ° C 2,23 g · cm -3 139,2 lb · ft-3 Elastizitätsmodul E (Elastizitätsmodul) 63 · 103 N · mm-2 91 · 105 lb · in-2 (psi) Poissonzahl m 0.20 0.20 Wärmeleitfähigkeit lw bei 90 ° C 1,2 W · m-1 · K-1 0,69 Btu · h & supmin; ¹ · ft & supmin; ¹ · & sup0; F-1 Brechungsindex (l = 587,6 nm) nd 1.473 1.473 Spannungsoptischer Koeffizient (DIN 52 314) K 4,0 · 10-6 mm² · N¹ 4,0 · 10-6 mm² · N-1 Chemische Zusammensetzung SiO 2 B2O3 Na2O + K2O Al2O3 81 13 4 2 Chemische Resistenz Hydrolytische Klasse (DIN ISO 719) HGB 1 Säureklasse (DIN 12116) Klasse S 1 Alkali-Klasse (DIN ISO 695) Klasse A 2

Viele Laborglaswaren geben die Art von Glas an, aus dem es besteht - Pyrex, Borosilikatglas oder Natronkalk. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen diesen Glasarten? Verschiedene Glassorten haben unterschiedliche chemische Zusammensetzungen, dh Borosilicatglas und Pyrex sind besser zum Erhitzen geeignet. Borosilicatglas hat einen höheren Anteil an Siliciumdioxid als Natronkalkglas, wie in der nachstehenden Tabelle gezeigt; Dieser Unterschied bedeutet, dass sich Borosilicatglas beim Erwärmen nicht so stark ausdehnt, so dass es weniger wahrscheinlich ist, wenn es erhitzt wird. Pyrex ist eine besondere Mischung aus Borosilikatglas mit einer besonders hohen Wärmetoleranz. Kalkglas wird manchmal für Glaswaren verwendet, die nicht direkt und stark erhitzt werden können, beispielsweise Petrischalen oder TLC-Chromatographietanks. Borosilikatglas oder Pyrex wird gewöhnlich für Glaswaren verwendet, die direkt erhitzt werden können, wie zum Beispiel Becher oder Kochkolben.

Was sind die Vorteile von Borosilikatglas? Haben Sie sich schon einmal gewundert, warum Glasbackformen Temperaturen von bis zu 450 Grad Celsius standhalten können, ohne zu reißen oder zu zerbrechen, während herkömmliches Glas bei plötzlichen Temperaturschwankungen plötzlich in eine Million rasiermesserscharfe Stücke zerfällt? Die Antwort liegt in der Art des verwendeten Glases. Während normales Glas hart ist, ist es auch extrem spröde und weniger tolerant gegenüber plötzlichen Temperaturschwankungen. Aber es gibt andere spezialisierte Arten, die mit beträchtlich verbesserten Eigenschaften kommen (nicht alle Glas ist das selbe, glauben Sie oder nicht). Ein besonderer Typ, der für seine außergewöhnliche Qualität und Sicherheit bekannt ist, ist Borosilikatglas. Was macht Borosilikatglas so einzigartig? Wunderbares Boroxid (yay, Wissenschaft) macht den Unterschied Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichem Glas, das aus Siliciumdioxid, Natriumoxid und Calciumoxid oder - vereinfacht gesagt - Siliciumdioxid, Soda und Kalk besteht, enthält die Borosilikatglaszusammensetzung auch mindestens 5% Boroxid. Diese spezielle Zutat wurde erst Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts vom deutschen Glasmacher Otto Schott der traditionellen Glasmischung beigemischt. Auf diese Weise produzierte er das Borosilikatglas oder "Boro", wie es oft genannt wird, das sich durch hohe Hitzebeständigkeit und extreme Beständigkeit gegenüber starken Temperaturschwankungen auszeichnet. Von Reagenzgläsern zu nuklearer Abfalllagerung zu ... den neuesten Glasflaschen Ohne diese monumentale Erfindung und ihre bemerkenswerten Eigenschaften würden wir nicht die High-End-Bühnenbeleuchtung von heute genießen, von Strahlern und LED-Leuchten bis hin zu Stroboskopen. Unser Kochgeschirr würde weiter brechen und zerbrechen, und gängige wissenschaftliche Laborgeräte wie Rührstäbe, Bechergläser und Reagenzgläser würden ernsthaft anfällig für chemische Korrosion werden. Dies ist die Haltbarkeit dieser Glasgeräte, die sogar für die Lagerung von Atommüll verwendet wird! Vom Gefrierschrank zum Ofen und zurück - ohne einen einzigen Riss Borosilikatglas hat ausgezeichnete thermische Eigenschaften, da es sich nicht wie normales Glas ausdehnt. Dank seines niedrigen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzt es eine hervorragende Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit. Mit anderen Worten, es kann plötzliche Temperaturänderungen verarbeiten - sagen wir, wir gehen vom Gefrierschrank zum Ofen und zurück und bleiben bruchsicher. Es kann Unfällen standhalten, die fast jede andere Art von Glas brechen würden. In seltenen Fällen, wenn es bricht, was nur auftritt, wenn es extremen Temperaturschwankungen ausgesetzt ist, ist es wahrscheinlicher, dass es reißt als zerbricht. Und um fair zu sein, ist es viel sicherer, größere Stücke zu bearbeiten, als Glassplitter auf dem Boden zu verteilen. Hitzebeständigkeit - Diese Art von Glas hat auch einen höheren Schmelzpunkt, wodurch es hitzebeständiger als normales Glas ist. Aufgrund seines niedrigen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten ist er in der Lage, auch bei extrem hohen Temperaturen klar und stark zu bleiben. Es widersteht einer satten Arbeitstemperatur von 515 Grad Fahrenheit und schmilzt nicht bis 550 Grad. Borosilicat Lab Glassware Chemische Beständigkeit - Dieses Glas ist auch für seine extrem hohe chemische Beständigkeit bekannt. Es ist beständig gegen chemische Korrosion und eignet sich daher hervorragend für Laborexperimente. Borosilikatglas verarbeitet selbst die flüchtigsten Chemikalien. Die beeindruckende Eigenschaft dieses Glases ermöglicht es, in einer korrosiven Umgebung für Millionen von Jahren zu bleiben und noch intakt zu sein! "Boro" ist dein Lieblingsmaterial Obwohl die Temperaturen, die für die Herstellung von Borosilikat erforderlich sind, wesentlich höher sind als diejenigen, die für die normale Glasherstellung verwendet werden, sind sie immer noch wirtschaftlich und relativ billig herzustellen. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist Borosilikat aufgrund seiner Haltbarkeit, Wärmebeständigkeit und Erschwinglichkeit das Material der Wahl für eine Vielzahl von technologischen Anwendungen, die von wissenschaftlichen Geräten bis zu normalem Küchengeschirr reichen. Wenn Sie das nächste Mal in die Küche gehen, sollten Sie besser auf Ihr Kochgeschirr achten. Es muss mindestens eine Kuchenform, einen Auflauf oder einen Messbecher aus Borosilikatglas geben; eine, die für viele treue Jahre deinem bescheidenen Dienst diente. Kannst du nicht genug von diesem fast unbesiegbaren Material bekommen? Erwägen Sie, Ihrer superstarken "Boro" -Kollektion eine wiederverwendbare Borosilikatglas-Wasserflasche hinzuzufügen. Dieser kratz-, schlag- und schmutzabweisende Glasbehälter ist porenfrei, langlebig und umweltfreundlich. Holen Sie sich dieses wunderschön gestaltete Glasprodukt, füllen Sie es mit Leitungswasser und heben Sie es zur Welt!

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen einer Thermokaffeekaraffe und einer Glaskaffeekanne? Wenn Sie eine automatische Filterkaffeemaschine kaufen, müssen Sie zwischen zwei Haupttypen von Kaffeekaraffen wählen. Die Glas-Kaffee-Karaffe war eine der häufigsten Arten von Kaffeemaschinen. Auf der anderen Seite werden Sie jetzt viele Kaffeemaschinen sehen, die Thermokaraffen haben, die nicht transparent sind und normalerweise aus Metall bestehen. Ist einer besser als der andere? Es hängt wirklich von Ihren Bedürfnissen ab. Kaffeemaschinen mit einer Glaskaffeekaraffe sind für viele Menschen in Ordnung. Sie lassen Sie wissen, wie viel Kaffee im Topf ist, damit Sie wissen, wann Sie einen neuen Topf machen müssen. Sie sind häufig mit Tassenleveln gekennzeichnet, die Sie verwenden können, wenn Sie zunächst eine bestimmte Menge Kaffee zubereiten möchten. Sie können diese Markierungen verwenden, um zu bestimmen, wie viel Wasser der Kaffeemaschine hinzugefügt werden muss. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Glaskaffeekaraffe ist, dass viele Modelle spülmaschinenfest sind und eine einfache Reinigung ermöglichen. Die Thermokaffeekaraffe hat eine Spitze, die Sie schließen können, und weil diese normalerweise aus Metall wie Edelstahl bestehen, können Sie nicht sehen, wie viel Kaffee in dem Topf ist, oder Sie können damit genau die Tassen messen, die Sie gerne machen würden. Der große Vorteil dieser Topfart ist, dass sie bei richtiger Anwendung den Kaffee lange Zeit ohne zusätzliche Wärme warm halten kann. Wenn Sie morgens gerne einen Topf machen und ihn den ganzen Tag trinken, werden Sie mit einer Thermokaffeekanne viel besser schmecken. Bei Glaskaraffen müssen Sie den Kaffee normalerweise warm halten, indem Sie ihn auf einer beheizten Platte halten. Thermischen Karaffen fehlt diese Option. Das Problem mit warmem Kaffee ist, dass er stärker und bitterer im Geschmack wird. Kaffee, der auf Wärme bleibt, schmeckt in der Regel innerhalb von ein oder zwei Stunden miserabel, und wenn Sie die Heizung ausschalten, wird der Kaffee schnell sehr kalt. Wenn Sie nur gelegentlich Kaffee kochen, ist die Glaskaraffe vielleicht immer noch die bessere Wahl. Obwohl dies variieren kann, sind Kaffeemaschinen mit einer Glaskaffeekaraffe normalerweise weniger teuer. Auf der anderen Seite, wenn Sie gerne viel trinken, sagen Sie für einen langen Wochenendtag, wird die thermische Karaffe tatsächlich Geld auf lange Sicht sparen, weil Sie nicht alle paar Stunden Kaffee neu machen müssen. Eine Thermokaffeekaraffe kann etwas schwieriger zu reinigen sein. Die meisten sind nicht spülmaschinenfest und müssen möglicherweise mit speziellen Reinigungsprodukten gereinigt werden. Überprüfen Sie die Empfehlungen des Herstellers für die Reinigung. Der andere Nachteil der Thermokaffeekaraffe, den manche Leute anführen, ist die leichte Tendenz, den Kaffee wirklich durcheinander zu bringen. Wenn Sie die Oberseite der Karaffe nicht genau aufsetzen, können Sie frisch gebrühten Kaffee über Ihren Tresen verschütten. Da du nicht sehen kannst, wie der Kaffee den Topf füllt, weißt du vielleicht nicht, dass du das Oberteil falsch gemacht hast, bis du ein riesiges Chaos hast, um es zu putzen. Solange Sie den Deckel vorsichtig auf die Karaffe legen, sollte dies kein Problem sein. Alternativ können Sie den Deckel abnehmen, bis der Kaffee fertig ist, und ihn dann auf die Karaffe legen, um den Kaffee warm zu halten. Normalerweise bleibt der Kaffee in einer Thermokaraffe etwa sechs bis acht Stunden lang warm, ohne sein Aroma zu verlieren oder bitter zu schmecken.